Topic Outline
These are the major content areas covered by the AP Psychology Exam, as well as the approximate percentages of the multiple-choice section that are devoted to each area.
- I. History and Approaches (2–4%)
- II. Research Methods (6–8%)
- III. Biological Bases of Behavior (8–10%)
- IV. Sensation and Perception (7–9%)
- V. States of Consciousness (2–4%)
- VI. Learning (7–9%)
- VII. Cognition (8–10%)
- VIII. Motivation and Emotion (7–9%)
- IX. Developmental Psychology (7–9%)
- X. Personality (6–8%)
- XI. Testing and Individual Differences (5–7%)
- XII. Abnormal Psychology (7–9%)
- XIII. Treatment of Psychological Disorders (5–7%)
- XIV. Social Psychology (7–9%)
I. History and Approaches (2–4%)
- Logic, Philosophy, and History of Science
- Approaches:
- Biological
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Humanistic
- Psychodynamic
- Sociocultural
- Evolutionary/Sociobiological
II. Research Methods (6–8%)
- Experimental, Correlational, and Clinical Research:
- Correlational (e.g., observational, survey, clinical)
- Experimental
- Statistics:
- Descriptive
- Inferential
- Ethics in Research
III. Biological Bases of Behavior (8–10%)
- Physiological Techniques (e.g., imaging, surgical)
- Neuroanatomy
- Functional Organization of Nervous System
- Neural Transmission
- Endocrine System
- Genetics
IV. Sensation and Perception (7–9%)
- Thresholds
- Sensory Mechanisms
- Sensory Adaptation
- Attention
- Perceptual Processes
V. States of Consciousness (2–4%)
- Sleep and Dreaming
- Hypnosis
- Psychoactive Drug Effects
VI. Learning (7–9%)
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
- Cognitive Processes in Learning
- Biological Factors
- Social Learning
VII. Cognition (8–10%)
- Memory
- Language
- Thinking
- Problem Solving and Creativity
VIII. Motivation and Emotion (7–9%)
- Biological Bases
- Theories of Motivation
- Hunger, Thirst, Sex, and Pain
- Social Motives
- Theories of Emotion
- Stress
IX. Developmental Psychology (7–9%)
- Life-Span Approach
- Research Methods (e.g., longitudinal, cross-sectional)
- Heredity-Environment Issues
- Developmental Theories
- Dimensions of Development:
- Physical
- Cognitive
- Social
- Moral
- Sex Roles, Sex Differences
X. Personality (6–8%)
- Personality Theories and Approaches
- Assessment Techniques
- Self-concept, Self-esteem
- Growth and Adjustment
XI. Testing and Individual Differences (5–7%)
- Standardization and Norms
- Reliability and Validity
- Types of Tests
- Ethics and Standards in Testing
- Intelligence
- Heredity/Environment and Intelligence
- Human Diversity
XII. Abnormal Psychology (7–9%)
- Definitions of Abnormality
- Theories of Psychopathology
- Diagnosis of Psychopathology
- Anxiety Disorders
- Somatoform Disorders
- Mood Disorders
- Schizophrenic Disorders
- Organic Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Dissociative Disorders
XIII. Treatment of Psychological Disorders (5–7%)
- Treatment Approaches:
- Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic/Humanistic Approaches
- Behavioral Approaches
- Cognitive Approaches
- Biological Approaches (psychopharmacology/psychosurgery)
- Modes of Therapy (e.g., individual, group)
- Community and Preventive Approaches
XIV. Social Psychology (7–9%)
- Group Dynamics
- Attribution Processes
- Interpersonal Perception
- Conformity, Compliance, Obedience
- Attitudes and Attitude Change
- Organizational Behavior
- Aggression/Antisocial Behavior